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#extinction

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The decline of insects and pollinators is catastrophically huge. Did you know that you can do something for insects even with only a balcon or very small garden? If all try it ... Some small, easy to start steps that could change your behaviour: theguardian.com/environment/20

The Guardian · Insects are dying: here are 25 easy and effective ways you can help protect themBy Tess McClure

Living things on Earth always bounce back after a mass extinction, re-speciate and re-populate. It will take all of human ingenuity to make sure that any of us are still around after the ongoing mass extinction that we have caused. We started this way back in the late Ice Age and it has only accelerated since, prominently when we invented agriculture and then industrialism. We didn't know better back then.

Sorry folks, I'm reposting... This originally seemed to have gotten appended to someone else's thread on a different topic.

Some nesting and baby shorebirds at Nickerson Beach Park, in Nassau Co., NY. Shorebirds figure prominently among the 3 billion birds that have disappeared in the past 50 years, according to the Audubon Society. This is largely due to habitat loss and degradation, climate change, pollution and introduced predators. To be blunt, Capitalism with its inherent drive for growth is anathema to biodiversity and all life on our planet.

My recommendation if you search for #studies: "BioTIME 2.0 - the largest #biodiversity time-series #database - now spans 12 million records from 553,000 locations, tracking #ecosystem changes since 1874!" idiv.de/major-update-to-biotim
and direct access biotime.st-andrews.ac.uk/
via ‪iDiv Biodiversity Research‬ ‪@idiv-research.bsky.social‬

Exactly 45 years ago a whole mountain exploded: Mount Saint Helens.

It was an incredible disaster and people thought that something like an #ecoysystem would never come back on the burnt ground. It was extinction.

Then came the famous pocket #gophers. Listen to the story how they restored a whole landscape: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/

⚛ **Editorial: Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us**

“_Even a fraction of the current arsenal could decimate the biosphere in a severe mass extinction event. The global climate disruption caused by the smoke pouring from cities ignited by just 2% of the current arsenal could result in over two billion people starving._”

Abbasi K, Ali P, Barbour V, Birch M, Blum I, Doherty P et al. Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us BMJ 2025; 389 :r881 doi: doi.org/10.1136/bmj.r881

The BMJ · Ending nuclear weapons, before they end usWHO’s mandate to provide evidence on health effects must be restored In May 2025 the World Health Assembly (WHA) will vote on re-establishing a mandate for the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war.1 Health professionals and their associations should urge their governments to support such a mandate and support the new UN comprehensive study on the effects of nuclear war. The first atomic bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert 80 years ago, in July 1945. Three weeks later, two relatively small (by today’s standards), tactical size nuclear weapons unleashed a cataclysm of radioactive incineration on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. By the end of 1945, about 213 000 people were dead.2 Tens of thousands more have died from late effects of the bombings. Last December, Nihon Hidankyo, a movement that brings together atomic bomb survivors, was awarded the Nobel peace prize for its “efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again.”3 For the Norwegian Nobel committee, the award validated the most fundamental human right: the right to live. The committee warned that the menace of nuclear weapons is now more urgent than ever before. In the words of committee chair, Jørgen Watne Frydnes, “It is naive to believe our civilisation can survive a world order in which global security depends on nuclear weapons. The world is not meant to be a prison in which we await collective annihilation.”4 He noted that our survival depended on keeping intact the “nuclear taboo” (which stigmatises the use of nuclear weapons as morally …
#OpenAccess#OA#DOI

**Threshold fertility for the avoidance of extinction under critical conditions**

“_The results indicate that the fertility rate should exceed 2.7 to avoid extinction. The extinction threshold is reduced by a female-biased sex ratio. We argue that the present results explain the observed phenomena of female-biased births under severe conditions as an effective way to avoid extinction._”

Cuaresma DCN, Ito H, Arima H, Yoshimura J, Morita S, et al. (2025) Threshold fertility for the avoidance of extinction under critical conditions. PLOS ONE 20(4): e0322174. journals.plos.org/plosone/arti.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Fertility #Extinction #Population #Anthropology #Academia #Academics @anthropology

journals.plos.orgThreshold fertility for the avoidance of extinction under critical conditionsThe developed countries now face a low fertility crisis. The replacement level fertility (RLF) is conventionally considered to be 2.1 children per woman, in which demographic stochasticity arising from random variations in individual offspring numbers is ignored. However, the importance of demographic stochasticity casts doubts on the adequacy of the replacement level fertility of 2.1, especially in a small population. Here, we investigate the extinction threshold for the fertility rate of a sexually reproducing population caused by demographic stochasticity. The results indicate that the fertility rate should exceed 2.7 to avoid extinction. The extinction threshold is reduced by a female-biased sex ratio. We argue that the present results explain the observed phenomena of female-biased births under severe conditions as an effective way to avoid extinction. Furthermore, since fertility rates are below this threshold in developed countries, family lineages of almost all individuals are destined to go extinct eventually.

"As with the dire wolf, the rhino experiment is being watched by skeptics. They question whether genetically engineering a northern white rhino is more of an exercise in technological hubris than genuine conservation."

Elena Kazamia for Nautilus: nautil.us/the-last-of-their-ki

Nautilus · The Last of Their KindAre efforts to resurrect the northern white rhino more technological hubris than genuine conservation?

"Despite Biotech Efforts to Revive Species, Extinction Is Still Forever"
e360.yale.edu/features/de-exti

Even if one can create a genome that is identical to and individual representative of the original species (very unlikely), a species is more than just a bunch of genetically identical individuals (clones). A species capable of adapting requires genetic diversity--a population of genetically unique individuals.

Yale e360Despite Biotech Efforts to Revive Species, Extinction Is Still ForeverIn the last decade, laboratory initiatives to recreate long-extinct species have stirred controversy. Now, scientists increasingly agree "de-extinction" is not possible, but breeding living animals with genes similar to those lost species can be a useful conservation tool.