2) NADESHIKO
Nadeshiko (撫子) are counted as a fall flower, but because they can bloom from as early as late spring, they're also known as 'everlasting summer' (常夏).
'Nade' (撫) means 'caress'...people considered the flowers so beautiful that you could not help but touch them.

Dianthus symbolize cheerfulness, innocence, constancy and feminine beauty. In Edo times the flower was used in New Year decorations that followed a year of natural disasters & misfortune.

Birth Month Flower: January, Carnations (#5 of a series)

Fan, Carnations, and Cards with Program for a Nagauta Concert by Sansho (mid-late 19th century) [Source: Philadelphia Museum of Art]