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Anita Y Cheng<p>From a pediatrician listener question: There is a shortage of monoclonal treatments for <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/RSV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>RSV</span></a>, so it’s incredibly important for pregnant people to get the RSV <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/vaccine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>vaccine</span></a> and then breastfeed to protect their newborns.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 11/11</p>
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#twivtldr
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Anita Y Cheng<p>From a listener question: Dr. Griffin doesn’t believe <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/Paxlovid" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Paxlovid</span></a> actually goes bad on their printed expiration dates. If you have <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>, take it anyway!</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 10/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>People with mild <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> who lose their sense of taste and <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/smell" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>smell</span></a> generally all get it back within 3 years.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 9/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> convalescent plasma (for <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/immunocompromised" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>immunocompromised</span></a> people who can’t take anything else) given to ventilated patients had the greatest effect if given within 48 hours. Waiting to see how people do is not useful.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 8/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>If a person with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> wears a mask, it reduces household <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/transmission" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>transmission</span></a> by 67%. If bedrooms are not shared, transmission is reduced by 78%.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 7/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>An article about masks that they say everybody should read! Masking (even badly) resulted in less incidences of <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>. Dr. Griffin also goes into a history lecture about <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/masks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>masks</span></a> and how they were used successfully, and subsequently derided, even in past centuries. <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2811136" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman</span><span class="invisible">etworkopen/fullarticle/2811136</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 6/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Vaccinated people hospitalized with delta or omicron who die or were admitted to the ICU within 28 days have lower T-cell response markers to <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>. 87% had antibody response, but only 50.8% had a detectable T-cell response. Hospitalized people who had both antibody and T-cell response were 84% less likely of dying and 62% less likely of being admitted to the ICU. “T-cells save your life!”</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 5/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Looking at <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> hospitalizations in Hong Kong over 2 years (6 epidemic waves) shows <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/omicron" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>omicron</span></a> is “comparable” in severity to the ancestral strain in unvaccinated, uninfected population. (Omicron is actually a little more severe than ancestral, the figure shows, but it's not statistically significant.) Any perceived change in severity is due to the population being vaccinated. “The virus hasn’t gotten milder. <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/Vaccines" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Vaccines</span></a> work!”</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 4/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Cases of syphilis in newborns (from birth parent) has increased 755% in last 10 years. If baby survives until delivery, they might develop blindness, deafness, developmental delays, or skeletal abnormalities if not treated properly. There is lack of testing and lack of treatment for pregnant people. Dr. Griffin describes both denial of a positive <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/syphilis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>syphilis</span></a> test but also a shortage of common treatments. It’s important to start treating right when a pregnant person tests positive.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 3/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Did you know that the CDC has voluntary nasal swab stations for people flying in from overseas? (At some airports, they also sample airplane wastewater.) They now do <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/flu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>flu</span></a>, RSV, <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>, and “other respiratory viruses” at 7 airports, and if they get a positive sample, they sequence it and upload it to public databases (deidentified obv) for scientists and policy makers to use. The participating airports are LAX, EWR, SEA, IAD, BOS, SFO, JFK.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 2/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Still behind with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> but I need to knit a Christmas gift and I think this is good background noise for that, so I may be catching up soon! 🤞🏻 This Week in Virology from November 9: <a href="https://www.microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-1060/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="">microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-1060/</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>Dr. Griffin says we’re still seeing about 200 deaths a day from <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>, and hospitalizations are starting to tick up.</p><p>1/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Some discussion about the “Long Vax” article in Science: <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/rare-link-between-coronavirus-vaccines-and-long-covid-illness-starts-gain-acceptance" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">science.org/content/article/ra</span><span class="invisible">re-link-between-coronavirus-vaccines-and-long-covid-illness-starts-gain-acceptance</span></a></p><p>Dr. Griffin says it makes sense, and that it’s something that scientists are continuing to study. But it’s hard to talk about because science is hard and the condition is VERY rare. Obviously much, much rarer than <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/LongCOVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LongCOVID</span></a> after an infection.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 9/9</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>79% of people with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/LongCOVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LongCOVID</span></a> would also be considered as having <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/POTS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>POTS</span></a>, an unnecessarily rapid heartbeat when standing up. Dr. Griffin emphasizes that more people with LC should be tested for POTS. Something like the NASA Lean Test would work.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 8/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Vaccinated ppl who got <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> had ⬆️ levels of antigen-presenting monocytes, mature monocytes, functionally-component T-cells, and mature neutrophils, and ⬇️ levels of activated T-cells, activated neutrophils, and immature B-cells. Apparently this mix of types protects against <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/LongCOVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LongCOVID</span></a>, because the differences are starker for people with more severe COVID and unvaxxed people. Dr. Griffin says he likes to think vaccination “corrects” your immune response, rather than “boosting” it.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 7/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Scientists have been looking into genome-wide associations with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/LongCOVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LongCOVID</span></a>, and the first one they’ve found is FoxP4 locus. FoxP4 is also associated with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> severity, lung function, and some cancers. They’re thinking in some people, FoxP4 is expressed/regulated differently in the lungs, in both aveolar and immune cells. The same genome family also generally expressed in other mucus-secreting cells like the intestines.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 6/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>A retrospective cohort study found that vaccinated adults 18-59 with health conditions who took Paxlovid after testing positive were about 30% less likely to go to the ER, be hospitalized, or die. Dr. Griffin would love to see long <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> outcomes from this too, but the data shows that Paxlovid is not necessarily something you need to give everyone. </p><p>(For context, Paxlovid shows ~80% reduction in hospitalizations and death for people over 65.)</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 5/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>The “effectiveness” of the bivalent booster was examined in healthcare workers at the Cleveland Clinic, who were the first to get it. 8.7% of them got <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a>, meaning the vaccine was 29.3% effective for BA.4/5, 20% for BQ, and no difference for XBB. Dr. Griffin again emphasizes that long-term immunity still persists with the primary series, and that if you’re at risk, Paxlovid is still most important for you.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 4/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>The study matched rtPCR cycle threshold for positive RATs - basically, if the CT value was 20 or less, the RATs would always be positive (aka if the person was “teeming with <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> virus”). Once you get to 25-30 cycles, the sensitivity starts to go down for RATs. But note that even at 30 cycles, the RATs are still 80% sensitive if the person has symptoms.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 3/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>A study tested <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/COVID" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>COVID</span></a> patients with both rapid antigen tests (RAT) and rtPCR every 48 hours for 15 days. RAT sensitivity over time was 93% for people w/ symptoms, but 62.7% for asymptomatic ppl. The sensitivity went up for asymptomatic people to 79% after 3 tests, 48 hours in between.</p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> 2/</p>
Anita Y Cheng<p>Blergh, this <a href="https://mastodon.publicinterest.town/tags/TWiVTLDR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TWiVTLDR</span></a> is from July 8 but I feel like I can’t skip episodes - there’s interesting science! But I'll skip XBB booster talk until September. 😜 <a href="https://www.microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-1022/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="">microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-1022/</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>Study re: leprosy in US! 6 cases in CA, all older men. LONG incubation - one reported contact w/ armadillo 50+ yrs ago. Early symptoms include tingling in fingers with bumpy scarring in the nerves there and spots on the skin where the person can’t feel anything. It’s curable with months-long regimens with pills.</p><p>1/</p>
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