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#mycology

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Helvella silvicola

mushroomexpert.com/Helvella_si

Ecology: Possibly mycorrhizal; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously under conifers; summer and fall. Originally described from Sweden (Fries 1828) and neotypified (Hansen et al. 2019) from Switzerland; in Europe found mostly in northern and montane areas; in North America found from roughly the 43rd parallel northward, as well as in the Rocky Mountains and montane Mexico. The illustrated and described collection is from British Columbia.

Fruiting Body: 2-8 cm high; 1-2 cm wide; shaped like a rounded-off donkey ear (like a cup fungus folded inward along a vertical axis); outer surface medium brown and bald, becoming more pale toward the base; inner surface dark purplish brown to dark reddish brown, bald; base with a rudimentary, wrinkled or ribbed stem, up to about 2 cm long and 1 cm thick, with a yellowish to pale brownish or whitish surface.

Flesh: Thin; brittle; brownish in the "ear" and whitish in the stem; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-23 x 13-15 m; broadly ellipsoid; smooth; with one large central oil droplet that often nearly completely fills the spore; hyaline in KOH. Asci 275-300 x 10-12.5; 8-spored; hyaline in KOH. Paraphyses exceeding the asci by 10-12 m; filiform with rounded to clavate or subclavate apices; 3.5-5 m wide at the widest point; hyaline in KOH. Excipular surface trichoderm-like, with clavate, septate elements 10-15 m wide, smooth, hyaline to, en masse, brown in KOH. Hyphae of the contest densely interwoven; 3-4 m wide; smooth; hyaline in KOH.

Hapalopilus croceus

mushroomexpert.com/Hapalopilus

Ecology: Saprobic and parasitic on the wood of oaks; growing alone or in small groups; causing a white rot of the heartwood; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Great Plains. The illustrated and described collection is from Ohio.

Cap: 4-10 cm across; 3-5 cm deep; semicircular to kidney-shaped; convex; moist; finely fuzzy; golden orange.

Pore Surface: Bright golden orange; not bruising; with 2-3 angular pores per mm; tubes to 2-4 mm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Thick; zoned with zones of golden orange, pastel orange, and brownish; fairly soft.

Chemical Reactions: KOH instantly dark purple on all parts.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-8 x 4-5 m; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae 2-4 m wide, smooth or encrusted, hyaline or brownish orange, thin-walled, septate, clamped at septa, often agglutinated with brownish to orangish encrusting material.

Clathrus transvaalensis

mushroomexpert.com/Clathrus_tr

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or gregariously in urban locations, including lawns and golf courses as well as other cultivated areas, and in woodchip beds; January through April; South Africa. The illustrated and described collection is from Gauteng, South Africa.

Immature Fruiting Body: Like a whitish to pinkish or brownish "egg"; when sliced revealing the stinkhorn-to-be encased in a gelatinous substance.

Mature Fruiting Body: 5-10 cm high; 4-7 cm wide; consisting of a mesh of arms, with the lower meshes elongated vertically (almost appearing like supporting columns) and the upper meshes smaller, creating roundish to polygonal spaces.

Arms: Up to about 1 cm thick; hollow; outer surfaces sometimes slightly flattened; densely transversely wrinkled (accordion-like in appearance); grooved between meshes; creamy whitish (especially below) to pinkish or pale salmon.

Volva: Sac-like, encasing the base of the fruiting body; whitish to pinkish, with brownish stains.

Flesh: Composed of tiny tubes; pinkish; brittle.

Spore Slime: Brown; produced on cushion-shaped structures located at the intersections of the arms.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 x 1.5-2 m; subcylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Sphaerocysts of the arms 15-48 m; irregularly subglobose; smooth; walls 0.5-0.75 m thick; hyaline in KOH. Hyphae of the volva 2-4 m wide unless swollen at septa (up to 7 m); smooth; hyaline in KOH.

Hey, my girlfriend is looking for a discord server to learn about and chat about mycology. Can anyone help her? She doesn't want to talk about psychedelic mushrooms, but that's all that seems to be showing up for her. She just wants to learn science.