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#planetaryscience

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ufofeed.com/142205/do-you-thin Do you think sending probes directly to the sites where water and other liquids are being ejected is a better idea for accessing the subsurface oceans of Enceladus and Europa, rather than drilling multiple kilometers through the solid icy surface from scratch? #Astrobiology #Astrophysics #Cosmology #PlanetaryScience #Space #SpaceExploration

Cutting Out Canyons

Over the millennia, the Colorado River has carved some of the deepest and most dramatic canyons on our planet. This astronaut photo shows the river near its dam at Lake Powell. The strip of white edging the lake is the “bathtub ring” that shows how the water level has varied over the years. The deep canyons — over 400 meters from the Horn in the center of the photo to the river beside it — throw shadows across the landscape. To reach these depths, the Colorado River incised its path into bedrock that was tectonically uplifted. (Image credit: NASA; via NASA Earth Observatory)

Venusian Gravity Currents

Radar measurements of Venus‘s surface reveal the remains of many volcanic eruptions. One type of feature, known as a pancake dome, has a very flat top and steep sides; one dome, Narina Tholus, is over 140 kilometers wide. Since their discovery, scientists have been puzzling out how such domes could form. A recent study suggests that the Venusian surface’s elasticity plays a role.

According to current models, the pancake domes are gravity currents (like a cold draft under your door, an avalanche, or the Boston Molasses Flood), albeit ones so viscous that they may require hundreds of thousands of Earth-years to settle. Researchers found that their simulated pancake domes best matched measurements from Venus when the lava was about 2.5 times denser than water and flowed over a flexible crust.

We might have more data to support (or refute) the study’s conclusions soon, but only if NASA’s VERITAS mission to Venus is not cancelled. (Image credit: NASA; research credit: M. Borelli et al.; via Gizmodo)

#PPOD: This close-up view of an abrasion made by NASA's Perseverance rover on June 5, 2025, shows distinctive "tool marks" formed as the abrasion bit interacted with the rock. These radiating patterns of lines tend to indicate that the rock is relatively hard. The image was taken from approximately 7 centimeters away by the rover's WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) imager. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

On Dust Devil Diameters, Occurrence Rates, and Activity

"Where a typical terrestrial dust devil might span several to ten meters in diameter and hundreds of meters in height, Martian dust devil could be hundreds of meters across and kilometers tall."

by Brian Jackson and co-authors
arxiv.org/abs/2507.03643

arXiv.orgOn Dust Devil Diameters, Occurrence Rates, and ActivityAs a phenomenon that occurs on Earth and on Mars, the diameter of a dust devil helps determine the amount of dust the devil injects into the atmosphere for both worlds -- for a given dust flux density (dust lifted per area per time), a wider devil will lift more dust into the air. However, the factors that determine a dust devil's diameter $D$ and how it might relate to ambient conditions have remained unclear. Moreover, estimating the contribution to an atmospheric dust budget from a population of dust devils with a range of diameters requires an accurate assessment of the differential diameter distribution, but considerable work has yet to reveal the best representation or explain its physical basis. In this study, we propose that this distribution follows a power-law $\propto D^{-5/3}$ and provide a simple physical explanation for why the distribution takes this form. By fitting diameter distributions of martian dust devil diameters reported in several studies, we show that the data from several studies support this proposed form. Using a previous model that treats dust devils as thermodynamic heat engines, we also show that the areal density of dust devils (number per unit area) $N_0$ scales with the product of their thermodynamic efficiency $η$ and the sensible heat flux $F_{\rm s}$ as $N_0 \propto ηF_{\rm s}$.

#PPOD: This image showcases the 9.8-kilometer-long moon Daphnis as it journeys within the Keeler Gap of Saturn's A ring, captured by Cassini's narrow-angle camera 15 years ago on July 5, 2010. As Daphnis orbits Saturn, it induces gravitational ripples along the edges of the gap. The ring particles are drawn toward the moon and then settle back into the ring. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/Cassini Imaging Team/Jason Major

The Mars 2020 Science Team gathered for a week in June to discuss recent science results, synthesize earlier mission observations, and discuss future plans for continued exploration of Jezero’s crater rim.

by Katie Stack Morgan
science.nasa.gov/blog/an-updat

NASA Science · An Update From the 2025 Mars 2020 Science Team MeetingBy Mars 2020 Mission Team Members

Io’s Missing Magma Ocean

In the late 1970s, scientists conjectured that Io was likely a volcanic world, heated by tidal forces from Jupiter that squeeze it along its elliptical orbit. Only months later, images from Voyager 1’s flyby confirmed the moon’s volcanism. Magnetometer data from Galileo’s later flyby suggested that tidal heating had created a shallow magma ocean that powered the moon’s volcanic activity. But newly analyzed data from Juno’s flyby shows that Io doesn’t have a magma ocean after all.

The new flyby used radio transmission data to measure any little wobbles that Io caused by tugging Juno off its expected course. The team expected a magma ocean to cause plenty of distortions for the spacecraft, but the effect was much slighter than expected. Their conclusion? Io has no magma ocean lurking under its crust. The results don’t preclude a deeper magma ocean, but at what point do you distinguish a magma ocean from a body’s liquid core?

Instead, scientists are now exploring the possibility that Io’s magma shoots up from much smaller pockets of magma rather than one enormous, shared source. (Image credit: NASA/JPL/USGS; research credit: R. Park et al.; see also Quanta)